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异染性脑白质营养不良

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

定义 英文原文(暂无中文)

A rare lysosomal disease characterized by accumulation of sulfatides in the central and peripheral nervous system due to deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A, leading to demyelination. Three clinical subtypes can be distinguished based on the age of onset: late infantile, juvenile, and adult. Lead symptoms are deterioration in motor or cognitive function or behavioral problems, depending on the subtype, all eventually culminating in a decerebrated state and death after a highly variable disease course and duration. Mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive.

别名

芳香基硫酸酯酶A缺乏症

基本事实

遗传方式
常染色体隐性
发病年龄
青少年期、成年期、儿童期、婴儿期
患病率
1-9 / 100 000(Europe)

相关基因 2来自下位疾病

Orphanet 未在本条目上直接标注致病基因。下表由本组所属的下位疾病汇总而来,「来源条目」列给出基因实际标注在哪一个 ORPHA 条目上。

基因名称来源条目
ARSAarylsulfatase AORPHA:309263
PSAPprosaposinORPHA:309263

临床表型 45

极常见 99–80%2

  • 循环酶浓度或活性异常 HP:0012379
  • 脑室周围白质软化 HP:0006970

常见 79–30%17

  • 视觉诱发电位异常 HP:0000649
  • 共济失调 HP:0001251
  • 神经传导速度降低 HP:0000762
  • 发育倒退 HP:0002376
  • 婴儿型肌张力减退 HP:0008947
  • 频繁跌倒 HP:0002359
  • 步态异常 HP:0001288
  • 听力受损 HP:0000365
  • MRI脑白质高信号 HP:0030890
  • 腱反射减弱 HP:0001265
  • 脑脊液蛋白浓度增加 HP:0002922
  • 肌肉痉挛 HP:0003394
  • 肌无力 HP:0001324
  • 周围神经病 HP:0009830
  • 进行性痉挛 HP:0002191
  • 癫痫发作 HP:0001250
  • 视觉障碍 HP:0000505

偶见 29–5%19

  • 成瘾行为 HP:0030858
  • 非典型行为 HP:0000708
  • 大便失禁 HP:0002607
  • 痴呆 HP:0000726
  • 构音障碍 HP:0001260
  • 肌张力障碍 HP:0001332
  • 情绪不稳 HP:0000712
  • 喂养困难 HP:0011968
  • 婴儿期胃造口管饲 HP:0011471
  • 失禁 HP:0031064
  • 不协调 HP:0002311
  • 肢体疼痛 HP:0009763
  • 疼痛 HP:0012531
  • 性格改变 HP:0000751
  • 精神病 HP:0000709
  • 精神分裂症 HP:0100753
  • 脚尖步 HP:0030051
  • 震颤 HP:0001337
  • 尿失禁 HP:0000020

罕见 <4–1%7

  • 胆囊形态异常 HP:0012437
  • 胃形态异常 HP:0002577
  • 十二指肠形态异常 HP:0002246
  • 去大脑僵直 HP:0025013
  • 胆道出血 HP:0100762
  • 肠套叠 HP:0002576
  • 胆囊新生物 HP:0100575

近两年的全球研究 447L2

2024/08 起在 Europe PMC 检索所得,按发表时间倒序显示最近 20 篇。标题未译成中文——自动翻译需要接入 LLM 服务,尚未引入。

  • 2026-08
    Lentiviral-mediated gene complementation to rescue pathogenic ABCA3 variants
    American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-07
    Haematopoetic stem and progenitor cell gene therapy for metachromatic leukodystrophy: Mission possible!
    European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-07
    Cross-Correction in HSC Gene Therapy for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
    The New England journal of medicine · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-06
    European expert recommendations for comprehensive pre-treatment, treatment-phase and post-treatment care of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy treated with autologous haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell gene therapy
    European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-06
    Preliminary Data of the First Year of Newborn Screening for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) in Lombardy
    International journal of neonatal screening · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-06
    Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Added to the Newborn Screening Program
    MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-06病例报告开放获取
    When exome analysis is the key for your patient with cognitive decline: a case report
    Dementia & neuropsychologia · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-06开放获取
    Development of Dried Blood Spot Proficiency Testing Materials for Newborn Screening of Lysosomal Diseases Using Recombinant Enzymes
    International journal of neonatal screening · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05开放获取
    Gene-specific long-term course, neurodevelopmental outcome and quality of life in patients with LIS1/PAFAH1B1-, DCX-, DYNC1H1-, TUBA1A- and TUBG1-related lissencephaly
    Orphanet journal of rare diseases · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05开放获取
    External controls for rare disease drug development: Lessons for emerging and advanced therapeutic modalities
    Molecular therapy. Advances · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05开放获取
    Therapeutic activity of a hematopoietic stem cell-delivered cell-penetrating frataxin in Friedreich's ataxia models
    Cell reports. Medicine · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05综述开放获取
    Variability in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid: causes and clinical implications for intraventricular drug delivery
    Frontiers in drug delivery · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05系统综述综述开放获取
    Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Therapeutic Enzymes in Lysosomal Storage Diseases
    Clinical pharmacokinetics · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05
    Evaluation of extraction methods for the determination of urinary sulfatides by LC-MS/MS
    Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedica · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05综述开放获取
    Neurodegenerative Diseases in Children: A Comprehensive Review
    International journal of molecular sciences · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05综述
    Magnetic resonance imaging in leukodystrophies: characteristic patterns and diagnostic relevance
    Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05综述开放获取
    Artificial intelligence in drug research and development: a review of methods and applications in drug repurposing
    Briefings in bioinformatics · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-05综述开放获取
    2025 Consensus Clinical Management Guidelines for Niemann-Pick Disease Type C
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-04开放获取
    Reactions, Adaptation, and Support Needs of Siblings of Children with a Life-Limiting Disease: The Parents' Experiences
    Children (Basel, Switzerland) · DOI · Europe PMC
  • 2026-04综述开放获取
    Live-cell physiology in human brain tissue culture-the potential, the challenges, and the lessons learned
    Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · DOI · Europe PMC

境外已获批用于本病的药物 2L2

欧盟 1 项、美国 1 项。同一药物在两地各批一次的,会分别列出。

「境外已获批」不等于「在中国能用」。中间隔着进口注册、临床急需境外新药通道、海南博鳌乐城国际医疗旅游先行区等几条路径,各有各的条件与费用。这一节能确定地告诉你的只有一件事:这个病在世界范围内已经有获得批准的药物,它叫什么名字。拿这个名字去问主治医生,是下一步最省力的做法。

药名一律保留英文原文,不作翻译——中国的药品通用名与英文名的音译经常不一致,译错会让人去找一个不存在的药。

  • Libmeldy欧盟2020-12-17
    autologous CD34+ cells encoding ARSA gene
    官方记录
  • Lenmeldy美国2024-03-18
    atidarsagene autotemcel
    官方记录
已获孤儿药资格、尚未获批的在研药物(3 项)

孤儿药资格只是一种监管身份——它意味着监管机构认可这是罕见病用药并给予研发激励,不代表这个药已被证明有效,也不代表将来一定能上市。绝大多数最终不会成药。列在这里是为了看清有哪些方向正在被尝试。

  • recombinant human arylsulfatase A欧盟2010-11-26
    treatment of metachromatic leukodystrophy
    官方记录
  • arylsulfatase A (rhASA)美国2008-02-27
    Treatment of metachromatic leukodystrophy
    官方记录
  • recombinant fusion protein composed of a recombinant human arylsulfata美国2023-12-15
    Treatment of metachromatic leukodystrophy
    官方记录

数据来自欧洲药品管理局(EMA)的药品与孤儿药资格公开导出表,以及美国 FDA 孤儿药资格数据库。两边口径不同:欧盟一侧取的是当前状态仍为「已授权」的药品;美国一侧记录的是「曾获批准」这一事实,FDA 的公开表不追踪药物此后是否退市(例如 Relyvrio 于 2024 年撤市,表中仍记为已获批)。请以官方记录页为准。

在中国开展的临床试验 3L2

按病名在 ClinicalTrials.gov 检索、并校验研究中心含中国大陆而来。登记状态不等于现在真的能入组——务必按 NCT 号到原站核实,并与主治医生商量。

登记为可入组 2

  • 招募中NCT03725670
    Direct Lentiviral Injection Gene Therapy for MLD
    不适用 · 干预性 · 2025/05/31Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute
    中国研究中心 1 个:Shenzhen
  • 招募中NCT07046338
    Lentiviral Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy for MLD
    不适用 · 干预性 · 2025/06/01Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute
    中国研究中心 1 个:Shenzhen
其他状态的试验(1 项)
  • 状态未知NCT02559830
    Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy and Adrenoleukodystrophy
    I 期、II 期 · 干预性 · 2015/01Shenzhen Second People's Hospital
    中国研究中心 1 个:Shenzhen

中国境外的在招试验 9L2

这些试验在中国没有研究中心,通常无法直接报名——入组一般要求在当地居住并接受随访。列在这里是因为它另有用处:看清楚全世界正在试哪些药、做到了哪一期、由谁在做。把药名和 NCT 编号记下来去问主治医生,或据此进一步查该药是否已在境外获批、是否有拓展性用药(expanded access)通道。

美国5法国1意大利1澳大利亚1

CT.gov 报告命中 9 项,此处取回并展示最近的 7 项。

  • 招募中NCT04925349
    Modeling Macrophages Activation Pattern in X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy, Metachromatic Leukodystrophy and Adult Onset Leukoencephalopathy With Axonal Spheroids and Pigmented Glia
    观察性 · 2021/08/30Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
    法国
  • 招募中NCT04880356
    Longitudinal Study of Ultra-rare Inherited Metabolic and Degenerative Neurological Diseases.
    观察性 · 2021/03/01Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta
    意大利
  • 招募中NCT04528355
    Data Collection Study of Patients With Non-Malignant Disorders Undergoing UCBT, BMT or PBSCT With RIC
    观察性 · 2020/08/20Paul Szabolcs
    美国
  • 招募中NCT03047369
    The Myelin Disorders Biorepository Project
    观察性 · 2016/12/08Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
    美国
  • 招募中NCT02254863
    UCB Transplant of Inherited Metabolic Diseases With Administration of Intrathecal UCB Derived Oligodendrocyte-Like Cells
    I 期 · 干预性 · 2014/09Joanne Kurtzberg, MD
    美国
  • 招募中NCT01962415
    Reduced Intensity Conditioning for Non-Malignant Disorders Undergoing UCBT, BMT or PBSCT
    II 期 · 干预性 · 2014/02/04Paul Szabolcs
    美国
  • 招募中NCT01793168
    Rare Disease Patient Registry & Natural History Study - Coordination of Rare Diseases at Sanford
    观察性 · 2010/07Sanford Health
    澳大利亚、美国

外部标识与链接

发现这一页有错误?告诉我 · 邮件主题会自动带上本页的 ORPHA 编号

本页数据来源

  • 疾病定义、同义词、基因、表型、流行病学:Orphanet(CC BY 4.0)
  • 中文病名:Orphanet 中文包,冻结于 2020-06-01
  • 表型中文标签:HPO 简体中文翻译(CHPO 上游成果)